Njariñu li xaj bi di def
Liggéeyuñam xajdafay gëna aju ci jëfandikoo jumtukaay yu bari ak pexe yu bari ngir jëmmal xeetu macceer yu bees wala benn materiel bu ñor, suko defee ñu gëna mëna dundu, palatability ak digestion ak absorption baayima, ngir gëna mëna am valeur nutritionnel ak anam wi ñuy jëfandikoo valeur.
Ñam yi ñuy jëfandikoo ci xaj yi, dañu am xeetu ñam yu bari, lu ci melni ñam yi ñuy lekk ci baayima yi, sàndiis, yat, yax, ferñeent (liquid), poudre ñam yu lalu ci xaj, ñam wu tàng, dimi- Ñakk ñam, ñam yu am pot, ak ñoom seen, ak ñoom seen {1 ) ngir gëna bari ay xeeti ñam yu wuute.
Li ñuy jëfandikoo ci ñamu xaj puffed dañu ko xaaj ñatti xeetu: anam physique, njuréefi chimique ak njuréefi microbe. Bokk na ci anamu yaram, dafay gëna aju ci extrusion, tàngal, pulverisasioŋ ak lëkkaloo ci macceer yu bees yi; xeetu produit chimik bi mooy gëna dëgëral amidon ak yàqu-yàqu ci protein yi; Yoonu microbial dafay wax ci fermentation ci yenn macceer yu bees. Lii ab dugal bu gàtt ci liggéeyu puff ci anam physique:
Li ci njëkk mooy, nanu xoolaat li ñuy woowe puffing ci toggu ñam xaj. Puffing xeetu toggu lekk la. Dafay dugal ñam yi ñu togg ci biir récipient bu tëju, ci saasi mu dagg ak diko tëye, ba noppi vaporize ndox mi di yokk ci ñam wi. Barina pax yu ndaw yuy feeñ ci ñam wi, ba noppi nekk ñam wu neex. Li gëna am solo mooy ñu bàyyi macceer bu bees bi decompression ci saasi ak yaatal ko ci tàngoor ak pression.
Bi ñu nekkee ci xeetu xarala yu bees yu ñuy togg ci ñam, ñu tàmbali ci atum 1910. Ci ati 1910 lañu ko jëfandikoo. Ci ati 1950 lañu ko jëfandikoo. Etats Unis moo njëkka jëfandikoo njàngalem extrusion ngir defar ñamu baayima, maanaam jëfandikoo extruder bi. Sol bi ak vis yi dañuy tàngal seen yaram, ba noppi ñuy tëye macceer bu bees bi, ba noppi {4} Température ak ngërëm yu kawe- ñam yi dañu leen di extrude ci biir mold bi, te anam wi ñu koy defee ci saasi dafay yokk volume bi.
Lu gëna am solo ci anam wi ñuy defaree ñamu xaj bi mooy:
1. Yokkatal nañu ñam wi ñuy yar baayima yi;
2. Soppi wala gëna baaxal valeur nutritionnel bi ci ñam baayima yi;
3. Yokkateg digestion bi ak limu baayima yi ci ñam yi;
4. Soppi jëmm ji ak defar ñamu baayima yi ngir yombal baayima yi ñu mëna lekk;
5, soppi limu ñam yi ci ñam yi ci wàllu dundu, lu ci melni: wàññi ndox mi ngir gëna mëna dundu ñam, dafay tax ñu mëna denc;
6. Soppi densité bu bari bi ci ñam wi, nga squeeze granule yi ak briket yi ngir yokk densité bulk bu ñam yi;
7. Muy xeetu mbir yu mëna lore lu ci melni moulon ak salmonella, ba noppi gëna rafetal kaaraange ak cetug cet.lekk;
Buñu sukkandikoo ci li ñu wax ci kaw, dina nu jàngat ba noppi méngale ñaari xeeti puff yu wuute ci anam wi xaj di yokkee. Extrusion screw mën nañu ko xaaj ñaari xeetu, benn ci ñoom mooy puffing bu waw, ñaareel bi dafay tooy. yoon.
Puffing naan dafa wara yokk niiliyaal ci macceer yu bees yi ci liggéeyu defar bi. Macceer yu bees yi nekkul prez {(1}} tempered laata ngay dugg ci néegu puff. Tàngoor wi ci biir puffing bi yépp, screw bi ak plate cis ci suufu extrusion mekanik la. Ak ñu defaree ko ci saalu yaatal bi.
Difference bi am ci digganté anam wi ñuy puff bu tooy ak xeetu puff bu waw mooy materiyel bu bees bi dafay njëkka defar balaa ngay dugg ci puffing bi, te tàngoor wi dafay yéeg ci vapër wala ndox mu nekk prea {0} coll. {{2} } ñu koy woowe quenching ak tempering dafay wax ci jëf ju tàng ak lu tooy ci macceer bu bees bi ñuy woowe steam, suko defee feculent bi ci macceer bu bees bi pree {3}gelisation, protein bi dafay dëgër, te produit bu bees bi dafay nooy, suko defee ñu gëna mëna puffing efekt granulation ak gëna baaxal kalite puffing ci lekk xaj.
Ci anam yu tooyñam xaj, balaa- te xarala yu bees yi amna solo lool:
1. Yokkatal kàttanu puff ak granule. Present ak reagir macceer bu bees bi ak vapër ci pre- tàngoor, macceer yu bees yi dañuy nooy, te loolu moo gëna am solo ci molage, ba noppi wàññi sol macceer bu bees ci masin;
2, jaaraleko ci xaralay- modulation ngir yokk densité bu bari bi ci particule yi, wàññi limu pënd mi, wàññi ñàkka mëna jëfandikoo ñamu xaj yi ak tëye cet bi ci environmaa bi ñuy defar;
3. gelatine bu am ci gelatine ak denaturaasioŋ protein, ak gëna baaxal digestion ak dindi ñam yi baayima yi di lekk. Sunu sukkandikoo ci done yi, suñu ko conditioning vapër, gelatinisation bi ci amidon mën na yegg 35%~45% te amul pre {4}i steam. 15% ci gelatine bi am ci beddi, 15% kese la;
4, di ray bakteri yu bari yuy lore, tàngoor wu metti mën na ray E. coli ak Salmonella ci jamonoy pree-y tempering, gëna baaxal kaaraange ak cet ci ñamu xaj yu baayima yi;
5. Ci xaralay quenching ak tempering, lu baax la ñu yokk ci macceer bu ñoru ferñeent bu ndoxe, ba noppi yokk ñam wi ñuy lekk;
Ci jamono jooju, anam wi ñuy puff bu tooy bi itam amna njariñ yu bari ci puffing bu baax ak effet granulation, tolluwaayu puffing bu dëgër, ak ñoom seen. Ci defar ñamu xaj, njuréefi puffing bu tooy ak pre- tempering amna cër bu am solo ak solo. Waaye, buñu ko méngale ak xeetu puff bu waw, amna ay jafe-jafe ci jumtukaay yu seer, yu am solo yu bari, ak di doxal jumtukaay yu jafe.
Sunu sukkandikoo ci anamu quenching ak tempering, maanaam, njuréefi puffing bu waw ak anamu puffing bu tooy bi ñu wax ci kaw, buñu sukkandikoo ci screw bi ci jumtukaayi puffing, mën nañu ko xaaj ci benn xeetu pulffing extrusion ak benn xeetu puffing extrusion. Xeet.
Li gëna am solo ci anamu yaatal bi ci benn xeetu extrusion bi yomb na, te rang bi dafa yaatu lool. Mën nañu ko jëfandikoo ngir produit yu bari niir yu bari ak limu gëna bari 17%, ba noppi℃gelatine bi am ci sa yaram mën na yegg lu ëpp 90%.
Buñu ko méngale ak benn -screw xeetu extrusion, seex-screw extrusion amna jumtukaay ak structure, waaye amna njariñ yi ci performance puffing bu dëgër, produit yu bari produit, efficacité production bu kawe, ak produit aeptic ginaaw puffing.
Ci xarala yu bees yi ciñam xaj buy lekk xaj, ci at yii ñu weesu lañu jëfandikoo extrusion. Rawatina ginaaw ati 1980, mingi màgg ci ñam wu wow, dimi- añ ak ñam yu ñuy lekk ci baayima yi. Li tax ñu def ci anam wu am solo la ci wàllu palaatu, dundu, digestion ak absorption, wérgi-yaram ak kaaraange, dem ak dikk ak denc ñam ci baayima, te loolu dafa am solo lool.