1 xarala yu bees
Xaralay puff dafay tekki ni dañu yónnee yenn moissu ni ñu koy yónnee extruder extruder bi. Ci suufu vis bi ak vis bi, macceer bi dafay yëngu ci kanam, ak friction mekanik bi am ci diggante macceer bi ak spiral bi, macceer bi ak baril bi, ak macceer bi. Materiaal bi dafay gëna dëgër ba noppi mu am ci ay gis-gis, ba noppi ñu ngi gëna rafetal mbir yi, ba noppi ñu ngi koy gëna yokk, ginaaw ga ñu ngi gëna yokk pression ak tàngoor wi ci biir cavite masin bi, ba noppi di yokk, te produit bi mingi ci suufu tàngoor wu metti, pression bu kawe ak dooley cisage bu kawe. Coppite physicochimique yu dëgër am nañu ci mbir yi ciy nekk. Fi may jeexalee mooy, macceer bi dafay génn ci pax mi, ba noppi ñu yokk ko ci saasi, ba noppi ñu yokk ko ci saasi ngir defar produit bu yomb, bu am pour, pour.
2 njariñu xarala yu bees
Ginaaw ñu puffe ci ñam yi, amna cafka gu amul fenn, am yëg-yëg bu neex, palatubilité bu baax,℃gelatine bu kawe ak lu baax di xëcci. Ci jamono jooju, bu guddu-chay ci yenn substance organik yu melni protein ak grees nekk na lu gàtt-cha structure, muy yombal baayima yi ñu reesal ak di naan.
2.1 gelatine ak yàqu-yàqu
Ginaaw extrusion ak yaatuwaayam, dañuy gëna bari ci ñaari coppite. Bi njëkk, gelatine amidon, disshle bi dafay dindi structure kristal bu dëgër bi ci molecule amidon yi, structure kristal bi dafay xëcci hydrolysat bi, lëkkaloo hydrogène bi dafay dagg, ba noppi particule amidon yi dañuy dagg, ba noppi nekk ci viscous melt. Bi extruder bi génnee, ndax pression bu gaaw bi, vapër bi dafa ñàkk ci saasi, te bari ay particule yu bari yu yaatu dañuy tass, te amidon dafay nekk gelatine ngir forme ay feed yu yaatu yu am ay micropore. Ci beneen wàll bi, yàqu-yàqu am ci amidon, diisaayu molekulaar bi ci amidon dafay wàññeeku bu baax, te oligosaccharides yi ci structure moleculaire yu ndaw yu melni maltodextrin mën nañu ko defar ci cleavage. Garde de Gelatine amna absorption ndox bu dëgër ak fonction bu gëna am doole bu gëna am doole ci feculent ordinaire, te loolu mën na wàññi bariwaayu stand yi ñuy jëfandikoo ci defar, ba noppi di joxe tànneef yu bari ci yeneen macceer yu bees. Ci jamono jooju, feculent gelatine bi mën na lëkkale protein bi ak matrix amidon bi ngir forme benn rumen bu amul- yaram wu proteine, maanaam, protein rumen, biy gëna yombal jëfandikoo protein bi ci ruminant bi.
2.2 Denaturaasioŋ protein
Proteine- bi yor mbir yi dañu koy boole ak tàngoor wu metti, pression bu kawe ak doole ci gañcax gu bari ci extruder bi. Xeetu protein bi ak quaternaire bi ci protein bi dafay yàqu, dañu tàllal structure moleculaire bi ci protein bi, ba noppi ñu boole ko, surface bi dafay nuru lu ñuy boole, te lëkkaloo hydrogène bi ci biir dafay yàqu, te loolu mooy tax protein bi di jeex. Deggu denaturaasioŋ protein bi mingi méngoo bu baax ak parametre yi ci jamonoy extrusion. Lu bari ci {(4}} factëri yu bari yi dañu leen di def ci diiru yaatal bi, lu ci melni urease, antitrypsin ak hemaglutinin ci soja, enzyme mutard ci lekk buñ rase ak ay composé polyphenolic yu melni lekk ci glucosinolate. Gossypol ak lu mel noonu.
Duñu bari -i protein, dunqu yi am nañu ci protein yu tollu ci 75% ba 90%, loolu moo tax mu nekk produit biñ gëna bëgg ci ñam yi. Waaye, protein bi am ci poudre duatre bi dafay gëna am fiil- bu niro ak yeneen chaîne polypeptide ñu ngi leen di amalee ci spiral paralel bu fibre bi. Caden bi dafa am limu bari ci crosslink yi, lëkkaloo disulfide yi ak lëkkaloo hydrogen ngir mëna am structure bu dëgër. Dooley hydrophobic bu am doole bi dafay tax baayima bi jafee reesal ak jëfandikoo. Poudre du feather biñ fajoowul amna valeur bu néew ci ñam, te digesilité bi mingi tollu ci 7%. Ginaaw ñu puffe, protein keratine bi ci denature dunqué yi, ba noppi di teg structure spatial bi ci protein keratine, loolu moo tax mu mëna reesal te mën nañu ko gëna xëcc, te mën nañu yokk digestibilite bi ba ëpp 70%.
2.3 Dëdd
Extrusion dafay yàq selil yi ci miir yi, ba noppi di génne diw gi. Xeetu liggéey boobu mën na yokk jëfandikoo petrol bi. Puffing mën na nekk produit bu jafee xam (lipopolysaccharide) ak amidon wala protein, loolu mooy wàññi limu asid graa yi, te ci jamono jooju dafay dindi ésterase, di tere diw ak grees, ba noppi wàññi dencukaay ak yóbbu produit yi. Xarañteg komponenti diw ak grees dafay jàppale ci diir bu yàgg- ràbbu ci feed bi.
2.4 yokk palaability ak digestibilite
Federal biñ puffe amna dayo particule bu ndaw, dafay gëna yokk, te dafay génne xet gu neex, te loolu dafay gëna rafetal palatability. Federal biñ puffed dafay nekk barab bu yomb te jaxasoo. Coppite bii dafay joxe barab bu gëna yaatu ngir enzyme bi, muy lu am njariñ ci jokkolante bi am ci chaîne amidon, chaîne peptide ak enzyme digestif, te dafay am njariñ ci digestion bi ak absorption bi ci feed bi, suko defee ñu gëna baaxal digestion bi. njëg.
2.5 Yokkateg solubilite fibre
Extrusion mën na wàññi bu baax li fibre cude bi am ci ñam wi. Ci xaralay extrusion, ci extrusion bi, ndax tàngoor wu metti wi ak pression bu kawe bi ba keroog muy yaatu ci biir, lignin bi ci biir ak ci biir selul yi dañuy seey, yenn lëkkaloo hydrogen yi dañu yàqu, ba noppi macceer polymer bi dafay dem ci substance moleculaire yu woyof, te structure bu njëkk bi dafay nekk fluffy ak génne ay mbir yuñ reesal, luy gëna yombal jëfandikoo gi.
2.6 Yéegal ngir dundal dencukaay ak yokk dundu etaser
Ci wàllu tàngoor bu metti ak pression bu kawe ak puffing, materiel bi dafay ray limu moule, bakteri ak champignon ci macceer yu bees yi, loolu mooy gëna baaxal kalite cet bi ci feed bi, wàññi bu baax feebar yi lu melni diarrhea, gastroenterite ak biir.
3 jafe-jafe ci xarala yu bees
Ci diiru extrusion bi, reaction Maillard dafay am ci diggante suukër si ak asid amino bi amul ci feed bi, loolu dafay wàññi limu wàññi suukër ak asid amino bi ci ñam wi, loolu mooy tax asid amino bi di gëna néew doole, ba noppi macceer bi dafay wàcci ci tàngoor ak pression. Ginaaw evaporaasioŋ ndox mi, dina tax vitamine yi di ñàkk, rawatina ni ndox miy ñàkkee ndox, 50%. Kon dañu wara yokk yenn ferñent yi ci jamonoy ñam ngir fayyeeku ndax limu ñàkk ci puffing.
4 Application ci xaralay puff ci defar baayima
4.1 yëfal mbaam xuux
Rëyaayu biir bu ndaw bi ak digestion bu néew doole bi ak kàttanu absorption ak mbàq yi ci mbàq yi, mbaam xuux yi dañuy gëna bari ci biir diarrhea nutritionnel ci diiru lekk meewu ween ngir lekk ñam. Njàngat bu amul benn ssterilisation, sterilisasioŋ du baax, yombul ñu waral tontub stress bi xale bi di reesal, moo waral biir buy daw ak biir buy daw. Federal biñ puffee dina wàññi bu baax limuy nekk ci biir buy daw suñuy dundal mbaam xuux yu ndaw, loolu mooy wàññi njëgu ñam, wàññi diiru grees bi, ak gëna baaxal njariñ yi ci wàllu koom-koom.
4.2
Federal biñ puffed dañu koy granule, muy lu am njariñ ci ñam ginaar ak kannaar, dafay gëna rafetal feed bi ci sac bi, dafay gaawal digestion bi ak absorption ci feed bi, ba noppi gëna baaxal jëfandikoo gi ci feed bi. Ginaaw feed biñ puffed dafay ray bakteri pathogen yu bari, feebar bi melni squating ci picc mi dafay wàññeeku.
4.3 ruminant di lekk
Fibre bi dafay yokk fibre bi ci ñam wi, loolu dafay yokk digestion bi ak jëfandikoo feed bi ci ruminant bi. Xaralay puff mën na yokk jëfandikoo gi amul {1}protein azot ci ruminant ba noppi yokk bariwaayu protein rumen, loolu mooy wàññi njëgu lekk. Federal biñ yokk mën na yokk pursàntaasu nag yi ci nag yi ci meew, te limu gëna am solo ci yàpp nag yu grees dafay leer lool.